Background
- Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract and is the 4th most common cancer among men.
- It is estimated that by the end of 2015, the US will have approximately 74,000 new BC cases, accounting for 16,000 cancer- related deaths.
- Smoking is considered an important risk factor for BC. Recent data demonstrate an increase in BC incidence in nonsmokers as well.
- Molecular characterization of BC in nonsmokers has not been wellstudied.